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Umpire
[JV43] An arbitrator for a game who has a non-player role, but
who can supply information to the players concerning the state
of play, e.g., signaling illegal moves when a player must make
a move without full knowledge of its feasibility. In particular,
within game theory, the umpire provides the player choices that
are left to chance.
Utility
[JV43] Utility is a fundamental concept employed in Game Theory.
Utility is a means of defining individual preferences, especially
as relates to choices made in a game context. Utility has certain
fundamental mathematical assumptions associated with it that allow
for the comparison of utility between situations and when associated
with “payoff”. The set of utilities corresponding to a set of
choices (at any given instant) can be rank ordered by the users
preferences.
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